How to interpret the Scribbr Plagiarism Report

Get to know the Scribbr Plagiarism Report in under three minutes.

You will learn how to interpret the similarity percentage, get some tips to identify potential plagiarism, and find out which settings you can play with to optimize the report.

Turnitin similarity score

The similarity score

The similarity score is your magic number. It tells you what percentage of your work matches sources in the plagiarism database.

Rule of thumb #1: The higher your score, the more likely it is that you need to address unoriginal text.

How low should my score be?

turnitin-found-similarity

Similarity

We call each snippet of text that is found in the plagiarism database a similarity. A similarity can range from a few words within a single sentence to entire paragraphs.

Rule of thumb #2: The higher the similarity, the more likely you’ve plagiarized.

turnitin-original-source

Original source

Each similarity corresponds to an original source, which contains the similarity with your text.

Rule of thumb #3: The more familiar the original source looks to you, the higher the chance that you plagiarized.

Settings plagiarism report

Tweak your settings

You can tweak the settings of your plagiarism report by clicking on the gear icon above the similarity score. You can:

  • Hide matches from certain search repositories.
  • Exclude similarities in your bibliography.
  • Ignore quoted material.
  • Change the threshold for small similarities.

Your reference list

Does your text include a reference list? Great! However, in this case, it doesn’t matter much.

We ignore your reference list, so it doesn’t influence your similarity score.

Why? Citing your sources does not constitute plagiarism.

Because many students cite their sources according to a specific citation style guide (such as APA), your references may be similar to those used by other students. These similarities are irrelevant.

The Plagiarism Checker does not index or analyze your references. We simply ignore them when comparing your text against the database.

Quoted text

Every academic writer uses quotes. Sometimes, they are necessary for expressing or analyzing your ideas. Properly quoted text does not constitute plagiarism. However, you should always follow these guidelines when quoting text:

  • Make the quote as short as possible
  • Use quotation marks or block quote
  • Properly cite the source

The Plagiarism Checker might mark quoted text as similarities. So long as the material is cited, you can ignore these similarities.

You can ignore found similarities if your quotes are properly cited.

Processing the results

Each similarity negatively influences your similarity score. This does not mean that each similarity is considered plagiarism.

You will need to decide on your own if you need to revise your work.

Step 1: Compare each similarity to the matched source

Ask yourself the following questions:

  • Does the matched source look familiar?
  • Does the memory of writing this snippet escape you?
  • If you look at the snippet, do you know why it’s marked?

It’s okay if the answer to these questions is yes. However, the more questions you can answer with yes, the more likely it is that you plagiarized and have some work to do to address it.

Is the answer to these questions no? If so, then you can probably ignore the similarity.

Step 2: Did you intend to paraphrase or quote?

When you paraphrase, you rewrite information from a source text in your own words. You use the source to support your own reasoning and argumentation. Paraphrased text should always be cited.

When you quote, you have literally copied the text from a source. You do so to strengthen your argument and to show the words an author has used. Quoted material should always be cited.

Step 3: Improve your writing

I want to paraphrase

If your text matches with the source, then you probably didn’t properly paraphrase the original source. You copied too much of the author’s writing.

You now have two options, depending how similar the text is:

  1. If the similarity is high and the text largely uses the wording in the original source, then it’s best to remove the text, to rewrite it entirely or to switch from paraphrasing to quoting.
  2. If the similarity is low, then you can choose to rewrite the text using more of your words. In this case, you intended to paraphrase, but you simply didn’t do enough.

Use our tips to paraphrase like a star. Always cite paraphrased text.

How do I paraphrase?

I want to quote

Don’t forget to follow the guidelines for quoting. Make 100% sure you’ve quoted correctly:

How do I quote?

Step 4: Cite, cite and cite

Finally, make sure to consistently cite your sources according to your specific citation style, whether it’s APA, Harvard or Chicago. Are you doubting whether or not you need to cite a source? Then you should probably just do it!

Questions?

Ask our team

Want to contact us directly? No problem. We are always here for you.

Frequently asked questions

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How does the “Exclude Small Matches” feature in the plagiarism report work?

By default, the plagiarism report only shows similarities of 9 words or more.

length of similarity

You can change the minimum length of a similarity yourself in order to exclude small matches from the plagiarism report.

What is the best value for the “Exclude Small Matches” setting?

The ideal minimum length of similarities is different per case. In general, we believe that setting the minimum to 8 words, results in too many small similarities that are unlikely to be plagiarism. That’s why the default value is set to 9.

However, if you believe that your document contains many small similarities that are not plagiarism (like these), you can try changing the setting to 10 or 11 to get a more accurate view of the potential plagiarism in your document.

Proceed with caution, since increasing the number might hide potential plagiarism in your report.

How can I change this “Exclude Small Matches” setting?

1) Click on the gear icon on the top right of the plagiarism report

click-the-gear-icon

2) Fill in your desired minimum similarity length

settings-panel-turnitin

3) Click “Done” to go back to the “Sources overview”

When should I change the “Exclude Small Matches” value?

For most people, there is no need to change this value. However, if you want more control over the similarities shown in your report and you think that most of the small similarities are not relevant, you can increase this number.

Please proceed with caution, since increasing this number might hide potential plagiarism in your report. Decreasing the value is not recommended.

What happens when you decrease the “Exclude Small Matches”?

If you decrease this number, shorter similarities will be included in the report. This means you will see more similarities and a higher similarity percentage.

However, most of these extra similarities are unlikely to be instances of plagiarism. Short similarities are often the result of common phrases that appear in many different sources.

What happens when you increase the “Exclude Small Matches”?

If you increase this number, only longer similarities will be included in the report. This means you will see fewer similarities and a lower similarity percentage.

Since the similarities are longer, the similarities you now see are more likely to be plagiarism.

However, by excluding the smaller similarities, you might miss some instances of potential plagiarism.

How do I exclude irrelevant similarities from my similarity score?

exclude-source
Sometimes the Scribbr Plagiarism Check finds similarities that are not forms of plagiarism, such as references and correctly cited sources. You can exclude these irrelevant similarities from your total similarity score.

Exclude similarities:
Step 1: Open your Plagiarism Check results.
Step 2: Click on the highlighted similarity that you would like to exclude.
Step 3: Click on the “Exclude” button on the right.

The similarity is now excluded from your total similarity score.

If you have excluded multiple sources from your total similarity score, then you might see an error message in your Plagiarism Check results. Unfortunately, this is a problem that we cannot fix at the moment.

If you encounter this issue, you can simply ignore all irrelevant similarities and subtract their score from your total similarity score. This allows you to calculate your actual similarity score by yourself.

Why can’t I see my Plagiarism Check results?

If you’re unable to view the Plagiarism Check results in your browser, please try the following two solutions:

1. Are you using Google Chrome?

We’ve found that using Google Chrome resolves most issues related to the results page. First, try using Google Chrome to open your Plagiarism Check results. If you are already using Google Chrome, or if this solution does not work, then proceed to the second solution.

2. Contact support for a PDF copy of the results.

If the first solution doesn’t work, you can contact our support team via chat or email and request a PDF copy of the results via email. This way, you can still review and process the results. We apologize for the inconvenience.

What can I do if I am not satisfied with the results of the Plagiarism Checker?

Are you not satisfied with the results of the Scribbr Plagiarism Checker, or are you experiencing difficulties with the document? Find out what to do when…

  • you cannot see your plagiarism results:Try opening the results in Google Chrome, or request a PDF copy.
  • you see an error message in the header of your document:Don’t worry – you can ignore the error message.
  • you see “Error! Bookmark not defined” in your table of contents:Don’t worry – this error doesn’t affect your results.
  • you are not satisfied with your similarity score:The similarity score shows you what percentage of your text the software found in sources in the Turnitin database. That means we cannot change your score.

    However, you can reduce the similarities yourself by following our simple guides to interpreting the report and avoiding plagiarism. Then the similarity score of your submitted paper will be much lower. If you want to see your new score after following these guides, you can purchase a second check.

  • you are not 100% happy with our service:Read about our 100% happiness guarantee and fill in the feedback form. We will contact you within 24 hours.
How can I change the settings of my plagiarism report?

You can change the settings of your report by clicking on the gear icon which is displayed just above the similarity score.

The settings allow you to exclude search repositories or ignore small matches, quoted material, or references in your bibliography.

Settings plagiarism report

Why do I see “Error! Bookmark not defined” in my table of contents?

No worries! This error does not influence the accuracy of your Plagiarism Check results.

If you have an automatic table of contents and/or list of figures and tables, then you might see an error message instead of the page numbers. The error message might look like this: “Error! Bookmark not defined.”

Unfortunately, this is something we cannot fix. Our check may flag these error messages as similarities. You can ignore these similarities.

Plagiarism check - Error! bookmark not found

Why do I see an error message in the header of my document?

No worries! This error does not influence the accuracy of your Plagiarism Check results.

If you have inserted a chapter or section title in the header of your document, then you might see an error message in your Plagiarism Check results.

Plagiarism error in header

Instead of the title, you will see an error message like the one above. Unfortunately, this is a problem that we cannot fix.

Our check may flag these error messages as similarities. You can ignore these similarities.

 

How can I download my Plagiarism Check results as a PDF?

Downloading a PDF of your results is simple. Just follow these two steps:

Step 1: Open your Plagiarism Check order page and click the “Generate PDF” button

download-pdf

Step 2: Wait until the button turns green and click “Download PDF”

Student – download PDF – 2

 

What do I do with a found similarity?

Review every similarity for plagiarism, and decide whether or not you need to revise your text.

  1. Review the similarity, and think about whether or not the match makes sense to you.
  2. Revise the snippet if necessary. You can do so by paraphrasing or quoting. Always cite your sources.
What is an acceptable percentage of plagiarism?

Your work should not contain any plagiarism. Even if your score is 1%, you will need to review each similarity and decide whether it’s necessary to revise your work.

But contrary to popular belief, plagiarism checkers work by detecting not plagiarism, but similarities. Not all similarities found by the Scribbr Plagiarism Checker constitute plagiarism. Our check sometimes flags the following:

  • Properly cited quotes
  • In-text citations or your reference list
  • Commonly used phrases

Because of this, you can generally follow these guidelines:

  1. A score higher than 10% is troublesome.
  2. A score between 5% and 10% it is not necessarily bad per se.
  3. A score around 5% is reasonable.

What should I do with a found similarity?

What does my similarity score mean?

Your similarity score shows you what percentage of your text is found within sources in the comparison database.

For example, if your score is 15%, then 15% of the content you wrote is unoriginal, as it matches text in the database.

You will have to review each similarity and decide whether or not you need to revise your work.

What is a good score? How do I update my work?

What should I do with a quote found by the check?

Sometimes a quote is marked as a similarity by the Scribbr Plagiarism Checker. A quote is not a form of plagiarism, but you do have to ensure you have properly cited the original source.

If you’re certain that you have correctly quoted and cited, you can exclude the similarity from your plagiarism score.

Below we briefly explain the rules for quoting in APA Style.

Quotes under 40 words

When quoting fewer than 40 words, use double quotation marks around the quote, and provide an APA in-text citation that includes the author, the year, and a page number or range.

Horváth and Kovács (2020) argue that plagiarism is often a matter of confusion rather than deception” (p. 4).
A recent study of student plagiarism found that plagiarism is often a matter of confusion rather than deception (Horváth & Kovács, 2020, p. 4).

Quotes over 40 words

If the quote contains 40 words or more, format it as a block quote, which begins on a new line and is indented in its entirety. Include an in-text citation after the period.

Sometimes it is necessary to quote a source at length:

Block quoting is particularly useful when you want to comment on an author’s language or present an argument that you will then critique. By setting the quote on a new line and indenting it, the passage is clearly marked apart from your own words. Therefore, no quotation marks are necessary. (O’Connor, 2019, p. 38)
Why does the Scribbr Plagiarism Checker regard a source in my reference list as a similarity?

The Scribbr Plagiarism Checker detect similarities between your paper and a comprehensive database of web and publication content. Because many students write their references in the same way (for instance in APA Style), a plagiarism checker finds many similarities with these sources.

A reference found by the check is not a form of plagiarism. Therefore, there is no need to take action.

How to exclude your reference list from your results:

You can exclude matches from your reference list in your Plagiarism Check results. However, please be aware that this might not always work, depending on your document.

Step 1: Open your Plagiarism Check results.
Step 2: Click the settings button in the “Sources overview” (see picture below).
Step 3: Select exclude reference list. (see picture below).
Step 4: Click “Done.”
Step 1 - Deselect Reference list

Step 2 - Deselect Reference list